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American scientists have developed a new type of transparent plastic
American scientists have created a revolutionary transparent plastic that is as strong as steel but as thin as a sheet of paper. The breakthrough was published in the October 4 issue of *Science*, marking a significant step forward in sustainable materials research. This new biodegradable composite is made from clay and a non-toxic adhesive similar to what students might use in school, and it can be manufactured with minimal energy input.
“This is the greenest plastic you can imagine, and the production cost is remarkably low,†said Dr. Nicholas Kotov, a researcher at the University of Michigan who led the development of this innovative material. The key to its strength lies in its unique structure, inspired by the natural “brick-mortar†arrangement found in seashells. This design allows the material to maintain structural integrity even when scaled up.
For years, scientists have struggled to create nanoscale composites that retain their strength at larger sizes. Kotov’s team tackled this challenge by mimicking the shell’s molecular structure. They developed a robotic system that precisely layers nano-sized clay sheets—resembling bricks—and uses a colloidal polymer to form hydrogen bonds between them. Even if some bonds are weak or broken, the system can easily reattach the layers elsewhere, ensuring durability.
To produce a 300-layer plastic sheet, the robot requires several hours. While the technology is still in the early stages, researchers have already demonstrated that a square-meter sample can be made in the lab. Experiments show that the “brick-mortar†structure effectively transfers stress between the nanosheets and the surrounding polymer matrix, enhancing overall performance.
The team is now working on developing practical applications for this material. It has the potential to reduce energy consumption in chemical plants used for natural gas separation and could improve micro-technologies like microchips or biosensors. In the future, it might even lead to lighter, stronger armor for military and law enforcement vehicles.
Experts believe this plastic could be commercially available within the next one to two years, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional plastics with impressive mechanical properties.