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Cavern blasting, blasting snake hole, deep hole blasting, metal blasting, demolition blasting and blasting work under special circumstances, must prepare blasting design book.
The blasting instructions shall be prepared for blasting and shallow blasting of bare drug packs.
The blasting design book shall be approved by the main person in charge of the unit. The blasting instructions are approved by the unit's chief engineer or blasting work leader.
(2) Blasting in urban residential areas, scenic spots, key cultural relics protection areas and important facilities shall be subject to the approval of the competent department. Consult with the relevant local competent authorities and obtain the consent of the local public security department at or above the county (city) level.
Large blasting should have on-site command. The approval authority for the large blasting design book shall be stipulated by the competent industrial department (or the head office equivalent to this level). In addition to the approval of the competent department, the large blasting operation shall be approved by the local public security department at or above the county (city) level.
(3) When one of the following circumstances occurs in the blasting operation site, blasting work is prohibited.
1. There is a risk of falling or falling on the slope;
2, the provisions of the support regulations and the provisions of the support instructions have greater access or damage to the work surface;
3. The channel is not safe or the channel is blocked;
4. The blasting parameters or construction quality do not meet the design requirements;
5. The biogas content in the wind flow within 20m from the working surface reaches or exceeds 1%, or there is a prominent sign of biogas;
6. There is danger of water inrush or abnormal temperature of the blasthole on the working surface;
7. Endanger the safety of equipment or buildings without effective protective measures;
8. There is no warning on the boundary of the danger zone;
9, insufficient light or no lighting;
10. Not prepared in strict accordance with the requirements of this regulation.
(4) Personnel engaged in the processing of blasting equipment and blasting operations are prohibited from wearing chemical fiber clothes.
(5) On the foggy days, dusks and nights, ground and underwater blasting is prohibited. When blasting is required at night, effective safety measures must be taken and approved by the competent authority.
In the event of a thunderstorm, stop the blasting operation and evacuate the danger zone quickly.
(6) The charging work must comply with the following regulations:
1. Clean and check the diverticulum, medicine pot and blasthole before charging;
2. The amount of large blasting charge should be corrected according to the measured data and approved by the blasting work leader;
3, using wooden gun sticks to charge;
4. It is strictly forbidden to throw or impact when loading the explosive charge, the primer and the nitrated fried medicine;
5. When the deep hole charge is blocked, it should be treated with copper or wooden long rod before the sensitive blasting equipment such as detonator and primer is installed.
6. Prohibit fireworks;
7. It is forbidden to use open flame lighting;
8. It is forbidden to use frozen or thawed incomplete nitroglycerin.
(7) The following provisions must be observed in the filling work:
1. The filling quality must be ensured after charging. The use of non-filling blasting is prohibited in diverting chambers, deep holes or shallow-eye blasting (except for expansion blasting);
2. It is forbidden to fill the blasthole with stones and flammable materials;
3. Be careful when packing, and do not damage the detonation line;
4. It is forbidden to tamper directly to the filling material of the medicine bag or to impact the explosive medicine bag with the stuffing material;
5, it is forbidden to fill the deep hole with the wooden wedge directly after loading the primer package.
(8) It is forbidden to pull out or hard pull the fuse, detonating cord, detonating tube or electric detonator in the explosive charge pack or the medicine column.
(9) After the cannon is fired, the open-air blasting shall be no less than 5 minutes (excluding the chamber blasting), and the underground blasting shall be no less than 15 minutes (after ventilation and blowing of the gunpowder), and the blasting personnel shall enter the blasting operation site.
(10) The concentration of toxic gases in underground blasting operations shall not exceed the standards in Table 1.
The toxic gas content of the blasting face shall be measured once a month. If the amount of explosives is increased or the type of explosive is replaced, the toxic gas shall be measured before and after blasting.
Ventilation requirements and safety measures for underground blasting operations shall be approved by the chief engineer of the unit.
(11) It is strictly forbidden to punch holes in the residual eye
Second, blasting warning and signal
Underground blasting should be set up on the relevant passages. The return air alley should use the cross-stitching of wooden boards or the roadblocks of the brackets, and hang the sign of “blasting danger zone, not allowed to enterâ€. After the blasting is completed, the roadway can be removed and the signs and signs of the return airway can be removed.
Back to the wind tunnel in coal mine blast outside air blast hazard zone set up checkpoints must be approved by the chief engineer of the mine. The sentry should be equipped with a self-rescuer.
Table 1 Permissible concentrations of toxic gases in underground blasting operations
(3) Acoustic and visual signals must be emitted simultaneously before blasting so that personnel in the danger zone can clearly hear and see.
The first signal - the warning signal. All personnel unrelated to the blast should be immediately removed from the danger zone or evacuated to a designated safe location. Send alert personnel to the border of the danger zone.
The second signal - the detonation signal. Confirm that the personnel and equipment are all evacuated from the danger zone, and when there is a safe detonation condition, the detonation signal is issued. According to this signal, the blaster is allowed to detonate.
The third signal - the warning signal is released. The post should stand firm before the warning signal is released. Except for the inspectors approved by the blasting work leader, no one is allowed to enter the danger zone, and after the inspection confirms the safety, the warning signal is released.
Third, the safety inspection and treatment after blasting
(1) After blasting, the blasting personnel must enter the blasting site according to the prescribed waiting time to check whether there is any roofing, dangerous stone, damage to the support and blind guns.
(2) If the blaster finds a phenomenon such as roof fall, dangerous stone, damage to the support and blind cannon, it should be dealt with in a timely manner. A dangerous warning sign should be set up on the spot before it is processed.
(4) After each blast, the blasting officer should carefully fill in the blasting record.
Fourth, blind cannon processing
(1) The following rules must be observed to deal with blind guns:
1. If a blind cannon is found or a blind cannon is suspected, it should be reported immediately and dealt with promptly. If it cannot be dealt with in time, obvious signs should be set up nearby and corresponding safety measures should be taken;
2. Intractable blind cannons should be requested by the blasting work leader, sent by an experienced blaster, and the blind blasting method and work organization of the large blast should be approved by the chief engineer of the unit;
3. When dealing with blind cannons, irrelevant personnel are not allowed to be present, warnings should be placed at the boundary of the danger zone, and other operations are prohibited in the danger zone;
4. It is forbidden to pull out or take out the primer package;
5. When a power burst occurs in a blind cannon, the power supply must be cut off immediately, and the blasting network should be short-circuited in time;
6. After the blind cannon is treated, the explosive pile should be carefully inspected, and the residual blasting equipment should be collected. Before the blasting equipment with or without residual blasting is confirmed, preventive measures should be taken;
7. The registration card must be filled in by the processor each time the blind cannon is processed.
(2) Handling the blind blasting of the bare blast, allowing some parts of the mud to be carefully removed by hand, and relocating the new blasting bag on the original blasting bag, plus the mud to detonate.
(3) The following methods can be used to deal with blind blasting:
1. After the inspection confirms that the detonation line of the blasthole is intact, it can be re-initiated;
2, playing parallel eye charge blasting. The parallel eye distance blind cannon orifice shall not be less than 0.3m. For the shallow eye medicine pot method, the edge of the parallel eyeball blind cannon shall not be less than 0.5m. To determine the direction of the parallel blastholes, it is possible to remove tampons of not more than 20 cm in length from the blind gun orifices;
3. Using wooden, bamboo or other tools made of materials that do not occur on Mars, gently poke most of the stuffing in the blasthole and use the concentrating drug pack to induce blasting;
4. The blind gun stuffing and explosives are blown out by a remotely operated wind pipe outside the safe distance, but measures must be taken to recover the detonator;
5. The blind cannon should be handled on duty. If the class cannot be processed or not processed, the blind cannon situation (number of blind cannons, direction of the blasthole, number of charges and position of the drug pack, treatment method and treatment opinion) should be clearly communicated at the scene. Continue to be processed by the next shift.
(4) The following methods can be used to deal with deep hole blind cannons:
1. If the blasting network is not damaged, and the minimum resistance line is unchanged, it can be re-initiated; if there is a change in the minimum resistance line, the safety distance should be checked, and the warning range should be increased, and then the line is detonated;
2. In the distance from the blind gun orifice not less than 10 times the diameter of the gun and the parallel hole charge detonation, the blasting parameters are determined by the blasting work leader;
3. The explosive used is non-water-resistant ammonium nitrate explosive, and if the hole wall is intact, it can be partially filled, and the hole is filled with water to make it invalid, and then further processed.
(5) The following methods can be used to deal with blind blasting of chambers:
1. If the wire, detonating cord or detonating tube of the detonating network can be found, if it is normal, it can still detonate, and the minimum resistance line can be re-measured, the warning range is re-marked, and the line is detonated;
2. Remove the stuffing along the shaft or level, re-lay the network, detonate the line or remove the explosives and the explosives.
(6) The following methods can be used to deal with blind blasting underwater blasting:
1. Put a bare drug pack near the blind cannon to make it burst;
2. Carefully lift the pack to the surface and destroy it by explosion.
(7) The following methods can be used to deal with underwater gunhole blind cannons:
1. After the factors causing the blind cannon are eliminated, the explosion can be re-initiated;
2. If the packing length is less than the explosive distance of the explosive or all water is used for packing, the primer may be additionally charged and detonated;
3. Place a bare pack blasting near the blind cannon.
(9) The following methods can be used to deal with the blind cannon of seismic exploration and blasting:
1. Carefully remove the drug pack from the blasthole and destroy it by explosion;
2. It is impossible to remove the drug pack from the gun or the well, and the new explosive charge can be loaded for detonation.
(10) Blind cannons that deal with metal, metal structures and hot condensate blasting should be partially blown out and re-installed with explosives to induce blasting. To deal with the hot condensate blasting blind cannon, the wall temperature of the hole must be cooled to below 40 °C before quenching and blasting.
Five, mechanized charge
(1) Granular explosives open-air loading vehicles must meet the following requirements:
1. The compartment is made of corrosion-resistant metal material, and the car body must have good grounding;
2. The dedicated tube must be used for the drug delivery tube. The connection between the steel wire and the car body should be firm;
3. The grounding resistance of the charging vehicle system shall not exceed 100,000 ohms;
4. There must be sufficient clearance between the drug delivery screw and the pipe;
5. The engine exhaust pipe should be equipped with a flame-reduction device. The exhaust pipe should be kept at an appropriate distance from the fuel tank and tires. The loading vehicle should be equipped with an appropriate amount of fire extinguisher.
(2) The downhole charger must meet the following requirements:
1. The pot body of the charging device is made of a corrosion-resistant conductive material;
2. The drug delivery tube must use a special semiconductor tube;
3. The charger should be well grounded. The grounding resistance of the whole system should not exceed 100,000 ohms.
(3) When using the above-mentioned charging vehicle (charger), the following regulations must be observed:
1. The air pressure of the drug delivery shall not exceed the upper limit of the rated wind pressure;
2. Do not use a bad conductor pad under the charging cart (device);
3, the powder powder must be sifted again, and it is strictly forbidden to mix stones and other debris into the powder room;
4. The detonating kit for the detonation of the electric power and the detonating tube must be loaded into the blasthole after the end of the charging.
GB6722-1986 blasting safety regulations (2)
Basic regulations for blasting operations
I. General regulations
(1) Open-air, underground, underwater and other blasting shall be carried out in accordance with the approved blasting design book or blasting instructions.
(1) Before the commencement of the blasting work, the boundary of the dangerous zone must be determined and an obvious sign should be set.
(2) Ground blasting shall be set up at the boundary of the danger zone so that all access roads are often under surveillance and each guard post shall be within the line of sight of the adjacent guard post.
Name
Symbol
Maximum allowable concentration
By volume
(%)
By weight
(mg/m 3 )
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen oxides (converted to NO 2 )
Sulfur dioxide
Hydrogen sulfide
ammonia
CO
NO 2
SO 2
H 2 S
NH 3
0.00240
0.00025
0.00050
0.00060
0.00400
30
5
15
10
30
(3) Only after confirming the safety of the blasting site, the blasting squad leader agrees to enter the blasting site.
(8) A blind cannon occurs in the ice-blasting blast, and a new explosive charge can be placed in the blind gun pack to induce the explosion.