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Pay attention to energy conservation and environmental protection
In the coming years, Shanghai is set to develop six energy terminals in key port areas such as Yangshan Port, Waigaoqiao, and Pudong Airport. These specialized facilities, focused on natural gas and refined oil, are essential to meet the growing energy demands of both Shanghai and the country as a whole. They also present new challenges for China’s development of comprehensive technologies for large-scale, specialized port terminals.
It has been reported that the advancement of large-scale, intelligent, and specialized port machinery and process technology, along with the integration of transportation systems, represents a major focus of technical innovation in China’s water transport engineering during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. According to Xu Zuyuan, Deputy Director of the Ministry of Communications, future water transport projects will prioritize four key technological areas. This includes the development of special cargo handling technologies, while also enhancing container and bulk handling technologies. Alongside this, efforts will be made to improve high-efficiency, large-scale equipment for major coastal terminals, as well as more economical and flexible solutions for smaller and medium-sized ports.
Looking ahead, China's water transport projects will concentrate on four critical technologies: resource-saving and environmentally friendly water transport engineering, technologies for constructing major water transport projects under complex natural conditions, information and intelligent application technologies, and basic and versatile water transport engineering technologies.
Currently, the construction of large-scale modern specialized docks—such as those for coal, crude oil, containers, and ore—has seen significant technological advancements in ground treatment, hydraulic structures, dredging, and loading/unloading processes. These innovations have led to the formation of a complete set of professional dock construction technologies. In addition, China has mastered core technologies for large-scale and efficient port machinery and overcome several key challenges in building deep-water channels.
The research and development of key technologies for large-scale coastal specialized wharfs is a central part of the resource-saving and environment-friendly water transport engineering initiative. Xu Zuyuan emphasized the need to strengthen R&D efforts, given the current imbalances in the tonnage structure of China’s coastal ports, insufficient throughput capacity, and the inability of main port channels to fully accommodate large vessels. With limited deep-water shoreline resources, future efforts will focus on overcoming challenges such as new super-large terminal structures, offshore protection buildings, stability of open docks, and the design of deep-water navigation channels.
Additionally, key technologies for constructing major water transport projects under complex natural conditions should focus on developing advanced construction equipment, such as large-scale offshore lifting platforms and efficient methods for building new offshore wharf structures. The introduction and development of large-scale, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly dredging equipment will also be prioritized.
Energy conservation and environmental protection have become central to the evolution of waterway engineering technology. Xu Zuyuan highlighted that future projects must not only focus on efficiency and cost but also on energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, especially in reducing emissions and pollution within port operations.
According to the requirements for the four key technologies, inland shipping must achieve breakthroughs in land-saving, energy-saving, and environmental improvement research. Environmental protection research should focus on ecological prediction models, restoration techniques in marine and river environments, the reuse of dredged soil, and technologies to reduce environmental impacts from transportation, blasting, and offshore dumping. Zero-emission technologies for pollutants will also be a priority.
Regarding recent priorities, Xu Zuyuan mentioned that energy conservation, emission reduction, the construction of coastal specialized docks, demonstration projects, inland river standardization ship research, and the promotion of new technologies are all now on the agenda. At present, attention should be given to energy-efficient gantry cranes in container terminals, effective port energy management, and the accelerated development and application of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies.