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Drying method and drying equipment
1.1 Requirements for dryers for hygienic ceramics production (1) Good drying quality should be achieved, and the drying system should be easy to control and easy to operate.
(2) The output should be high and it must be conducive to the next process.
(3) The energy consumption is less, and the waste heat of the plant should be used as much as possible.
Drying energy consumption is very high in naturally-dry old-fashioned companies, and some even reach 40% of production energy consumption. Since the operating temperature of drying is low, and ceramic firing is inseparable from the high-temperature kiln, a large amount of waste heat is generally available in the ceramic factory.
(4) High production intensity and small footprint.
(5) Efforts are made to save the process, and in particular, it is easy to connect automatic lines to the front and back processes to reduce the number of handling.
(6) Little pollution to the environment. Modern grouting workshops have a lot of sophisticated machinery and equipment, sometimes requiring two or three shifts. Therefore, it cannot adapt to a high temperature and high humidity environment.
1.2 Classification of Dryers (1) Control according to whether the drying system can be divided into: natural drying and artificial drying. Because artificial drying is the process of artificially controlling the drying process, it is also called forced drying.
(2) Classification according to the different drying methods can be divided into:
1) Convection drying It is characterized by using gas as a drying medium and blowing the surface of the blank at a certain speed so that the green body can be dried.
2) Radiation Drying It is characterized by utilizing the radiant energy of electromagnetic waves such as infrared rays and microwaves to irradiate the dried green body and allow it to dry.
3) Vacuum drying This is a method of drying a blank under vacuum (negative pressure). The blank does not need to be heated, but the suction equipment is required to generate a certain negative pressure. Therefore, the system needs to be closed and it is difficult to continuously produce.
4) Combined drying It is characterized by comprehensive utilization of two or more drying methods to exert their respective specialties, complement each other, and can often obtain more ideal drying effects.
There are also some drying methods that have not been applied in sanitary porcelain production.
According to whether the drying system is continuously divided into batch dryers and continuous dryers.
The continuous dryer can be divided into forward flow, counter flow and mixed flow according to the direction of the movement of the drying medium and the blank. According to the shape of the dryer, it can be divided into a chamber dryer and a tunnel dryer.
1.3 Forming shop drying system This type of drying system is mainly applied to the factory where the plaster mould is only formed once a day (white shift forming), and it is operated in batch mode. According to the drying system can be adjusted into the following two drying systems. They have the common advantage that after the mold is removed from the mold, it can be dried without any additional movement. No additional dryer is needed, which saves investment: it can make full use of the heat and space in the forming room.
(1) Traditional Forming Plant Drying Systems Traditionally, the traditional way was to install steam pipes and radiators in the forming shop. After the forming worker comes off work, the steam valve is opened to increase the temperature in the forming chamber and the blank is heated and dried.
Due to the fact that the humidity in the workshop cannot be controlled and the heating efficiency is very low, it has been used less frequently.
(2) Forming workshop drying system with automatic control of temperature and humidity This type of system has been artificially dried, and air ducts (three or more) are evenly arranged between the rigs of each group. Outdoor fresh air is sucked into the pipe through the air outlet, mixed with the indoor part of the recirculated dry exhaust gas, filtered to remove impurities from the air, cooled by pipes and heaters, and finally pressurized by the fan and sent to the blowing branch pipe. The wet batch is para-dried.
Ceramic drying and drying equipment