Experts teach you how to build a green mine

Adopt environmentally friendly development and utilization methods

Hao Meiying pointed out that to build a green mine, it is first necessary to adopt an environmentally friendly development and utilization method in the development process. This is the basic principle. She introduced the requirements of this development method in several aspects:

In terms of mining methods, mining enterprises should minimize the disturbance and damage to the natural environment, and combine the actual situation of the mine with the current development level of China to determine the optimal and most suitable mining method.

In terms of mining methods, it is necessary to target different ore bodies and adopt reasonable and advanced mining methods to optimize the parameters such as stope structure, rock drilling and blasting, so as to reduce the ore loss rate and depletion rate and improve the mining recovery rate ( In the open-pit mining, if the ore depletion rate does not exceed 10%, the mining recovery rate should reach 90% and above; in underground mining, within the design of the ore depletion rate, when the surrounding rock is stable, the mining recovery rate is not less than 85%. When the surrounding rock is not stable, it is not less than 80%, and when the surrounding rock is extremely unstable, it is not less than 75%), reducing ground subsidence, reducing land occupation, reducing environmental pollution, and not using restrictions and elimination techniques.

In terms of smelting and smelting methods, it is necessary to use high-efficiency smelting methods to optimize the beneficiation process, improve the grinding process, rationally use flotation reagents, and improve the ore recovery rate (the easy-to-treat ore beneficiation recovery rate is not less than 80%, The refractory ore is not less than 70%, and the low grade ore is not less than 50%). For complex were associated with the performance and characteristics of gold concentrate, to be used to process gold ore beneficiation joint pretreatment and post-treatment, while maximizing the recovery of gold and silver, improve the comprehensive utilization of associated mineral resources (gold and Other minerals are symbiotic, the comprehensive utilization rate is not less than 60%; gold is associated with other minerals, and the comprehensive utilization rate is not less than 40%).

In terms of energy saving and consumption reduction, it is necessary to establish a production process energy consumption accounting system to control and reduce energy consumption, material consumption and water consumption per unit of product. Mining outdoor unit energy consumption is not higher than 1.1 kg standard coal / ton, underground mining is lower than the national standard limit value, lower than the national standard for new mines entry value.

In terms of energy consumption of the products of the metallurgical unit, it is necessary to encourage mining enterprises to adopt energy-saving technological transformation and strengthen energy-saving supervision to meet the advanced values ​​stipulated by national standards.

In terms of waste discharge and treatment, we must choose a reasonable mining process to reduce solid waste emissions. Proper disposal of mine solid waste should have special accumulation sites, and comply with safety, environmental protection, monitoring and other regulations, take measures to prevent dust, leakage or other secondary pollution, and must not shed into the mine area or cause pollution. . The proper disposal rate of solid waste such as cyanide tailings should reach 100%.

In dust treatment, the dust concentration should not be higher than 2 g/m3, and the dust pass rate should be above 95%. The dust generated in the mining process should be treated by spraying, watering, wet rock drilling, dust removal, etc. The atmospheric environmental quality of the mining area should meet the Class II standard of the Ambient Air Quality Standard.

In terms of noise processing, low-noise process equipment is used to control noise from the sound source. For rock drilling, crushing, air pressure and other equipment, noise treatment should be carried out through measures such as noise reduction, vibration reduction and vibration isolation, so that it meets the Class 2 standard in the Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard (GB3096-2008).

In the aspect of wastewater treatment, the wastewater should be recycled after treatment, and efforts should be made to achieve a closed loop. The parts that have not been recycled should be discharged after reaching the standard. The cyanide-containing wastewater should be recycled with cyanide and discharged after cyanide treatment. Domestic sewage has proper treatment measures and is not arbitrarily discharged. The discharge of wastewater from the mining area shall comply with relevant national standards. The total discharge of COD (organic pollution parameters) and heavy metals in discharged wastewater is in compliance with the current national total pollutant control indicators.

In terms of geological environment management restoration and land reclamation, it is necessary to strictly follow the resource development and utilization plan, the mine geological environment management restoration plan, and the land reclamation plan at the same time, design, and simultaneously put into production and management to ensure timely management and restoration of the mining area environment. . In the closed pit mining area (mining area), the mines occupying and destroying the land should be fully reclaimed within 3 years of closed pits, and the ecological reclamation rate is not less than 90%. Temporary land use for mines shall be carried out in phases, and the quality of land reclamation will meet the relevant national standards and achieve the purpose of intensive land use and traceless mining.

Comprehensive use of gold and associated resources

Hao Meiying emphasized that in the process of green mine construction, we must start from the following aspects to comprehensively utilize gold and associated resources.

First of all, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate gold and its associated resources, and adopt reasonable utilization and disposal processes to ensure the comprehensive utilization of gold and associated resources. Encourage the use of joint smelting process to treat complex companion gold concentrates, improve the recovery rate of gold and silver and the comprehensive utilization rate of copper , lead , zinc , sulfur and other associated resources (when gold is coexisting with other minerals, the comprehensive utilization rate is not low) At 60%; when gold is associated with other minerals, the comprehensive utilization rate is not less than 40%).

Secondly, it is necessary to classify and rationally treat solid waste such as tailings and waste rock; promote waste rock to not produce well, comprehensively utilize valuable elements in tailings; encourage the use of mine solids under the premise of ensuring no secondary pollution The waste is used to fill the goaf and to control the subsidence area as building materials.

Thirdly, it is necessary to control the generation of wastewater from the source, implement decontamination and diversion, make full use of mine water, recycle ore dressing water, and the reuse rate of ore dressing wastewater should generally reach 85% or more; For water, such as ecology and farmland, the water quality should meet the requirements of the corresponding standards; the domestic wastewater should be disposed of at the standard and fully used for greening in the field.

Finally, it is necessary to develop a circular economy in the mine and establish a circular economy development model of “low consumption, high output, low emissions, recycling and sustainable” in accordance with the circular economy principle of “reduction, reuse and resource utilization”. The development of circular economy will be an important way to adjust the industrial structure, creating a refined and deep processing production model of “resources-products-waste-renewable resources”. Taking the efficient use of resources and recycling as the core, we will build a comprehensive recycling industrial chain of gold and silver, and realize industrial upgrading and recycling development. We will achieve “recycling of mineral resources” and recycling of waste water to achieve clean production. .

Building a modern digital mine

In addition to the above, Hao Meiying said that the construction of green mines should also build modern digital mines.

First, it is necessary to strengthen the upgrading of technological process equipment, adopt new energy-efficient technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials, and timely eliminate high-energy, high-pollution, low-efficiency processes and equipment, in line with the Ministry of Land and Resources. Catalogue of Encouragement, Restriction and Elimination of Mineral Resources and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources.

Second, encourage mechanization to reduce people, automate substitutions, realize mechanization of mining, and optimize the process of metallurgy. The numerical control rate of key production processes is not less than 70%.

Third, production management information. Information technology, network technology, control technology, and intelligent technology should be adopted to realize the informationization of gold mine enterprise management, production decision-making, safety production management and equipment control.

Fourth, establish a comprehensive disaster monitoring system and early warning mechanism, personnel vehicle positioning system, network monitoring system, etc., to achieve real-time monitoring of production processes to ensure production safety.

Fifth, encourage the establishment of science and technology innovation platforms for production, education and research, and foster innovative teams so that the research and development funds of mines are not less than 1% of the main business income of the previous year.

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