Ni Weidou, Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering Discusses New Energy Development in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan There is no doubt that the development of new energy will become a new star in the development of China's energy industry during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, and it will cause hot debate in the industry. At present, the development of renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy in China has reached a considerable scale. Wind power installed capacity and solar photovoltaic power generation capacity have ranked first in the world. In this context, where does China's new energy development go? Recently, Ni Weidou, an academician and thermal engineering professor of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, was interviewed by a reporter from the First Financial Daily. He also believes that China needs to think calmly and be vigilant against "unreasonable groups" in the development of new energy sources and oppose the development of "a swarm of bees". We must pay attention to quality, strive for breakthroughs in key technologies, avoid redundant construction, and go low-end again. The old road of manufacture. Avoid homes Reporter: How do you see the position of new energy in the "modern energy industry system"? What are the development prospects during the 12th Five-Year Plan period? Ni Weidou: First of all, we need to define the definition of new energy. The old and new are relative. For example, nuclear power has a history of several decades, but it accounts for only 1% of the total power generation in China, and is expected to increase to 7% to 8% in 2020. In my opinion, if the efficiency of the current main fossil energy can be greatly improved, energy that can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, that is, the replacement and efficient use of traditional energy, can be counted as new energy. According to this standard, coal-based natural gas, coal, high-efficiency, clean and sustainable use can be included in the scope of new energy. The energy industry is a system that mainly includes four links: resources, transformation, storage, and terminal utilization. We must not only look at where energy resources come from, but also need to focus on improvements in transformation, storage, transportation, and terminal utilization. New types of energy need to be developed, but more effective is to make a fuss about the rational use of traditional energy, and there is a lot of room for improvement of traditional energy efficiency. Taking the cement industry as an example, according to incomplete statistics, only using cement waste heat can produce 25 billion kWh per year, which is equivalent to half of the current wind power generation. Under the current economic conditions, it is our ultimate goal to rationally allocate our resources and achieve high returns. The development of new energy has different levels. We should treat it in accordance with national conditions when planning. Perhaps 20 to 30 years later, the proportion of wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy in the energy structure will be relatively large. However, at present, the development potential is the greatest, and it is also the most important thing to be concerned with is the improvement and rational use of traditional energy sources. If this is ignored, blindly developing the above-mentioned “reserve capacity†of renewable energy sources will cause dislocations in time and be closer to home. Reporter: What do you think are the main issues that you feel that you want to achieve the energy saving and consumption reduction goals set forth in the "12th Five-year Plan"? Ni Weidou: China's energy consumption per unit of GDP is much higher than that of developed countries. There are technical reasons, but more importantly, institutional reasons. Because the system is not well equipped, some steel mills and power plants are not operating within the design range, and the advantages of efficiency are not reflected. In the institutional aspect, Energy Management Contract (EMC) is a good mechanism. The so-called EMC is to provide capital, technology, equipment and talents by specialized companies, and devote energy-saving and emission-reduction to energy-consuming manufacturers. The profits generated by energy-saving are shared by the company and the manufacturers according to a certain percentage. For example, iron and steel, cement and other energy-consuming manufacturers do not need to bear the operational risk, but only need to provide waste heat, residual pressure and so on. The state should strongly support this mechanism. At the same time, the grid mechanism is still a big problem. At present, power plants built with waste heat are the first to reduce electricity purchases from factories, and the problem of whether or not the excess can be accessed is still a problem. In general, institutional factors in energy efficiency have a major impact. In fact, China does not lack energy-saving technologies. As long as the system is streamlined and policies are implemented, energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies are very promising. The central government advocates "good and fast" development, but it is considered "good" and lacks a quantitative standard. I think we can consider linking GDP growth and energy consumption indicators. For example, the “12th Five-Year Plan†determines that the GDP growth rate is 7%, and the energy consumption per unit of GDP will fall by 16%. If these two indicators are linked, the local GDP growth rate can be allowed to exceed 7%, but the rate of decline in energy consumption per unit of GDP is also correspondingly higher than 16%. There is a positive correlation between the two, and the specific ratio relationship can be further studied. Be wary of shepherding Reporter: In 2009, the Chinese government once stated that there was a phenomenon of excess capacity in the wind power and polysilicon industries in emerging industries. Do you think that the development of domestic new energy has been overheated? Ni Weidou: At present, it seems that new energy industries such as wind power and solar energy have a good momentum of development. However, many problems have also been exposed. For example, key technologies have not been mastered, and product quality is not enough. Many units cannot be connected to the grid, and almost one third of the power generation facilities are not Play a role. According to statistics, China's current installed capacity of wind power is approximately 42 million kilowatts, ranking the first in the world, with a generating capacity of approximately 43 billion kilowatt-hours. The average installed capacity per kilowatt is approximately 1,000 kwh, and a large number of assets and equipment are underutilized. Therefore, in general, it is best to stabilize at the moment, and to sum up experience, don't blindly head forward to install the indicators. Is new energy construction overheated? I think it is relative. The key to the government's role lies in regulation. In terms of wind energy, the competition at the manufacturing end is fierce. There are 70 to 80 wind power equipment manufacturers in China, and the manufacturing cost has also dropped a lot, making the profit margin of operators increase. This is beneficial to the development of the wind power industry. At present, wind power has been changed to benchmarked on-grid tariffs. This shows that the government has tried to streamline the wind power on-grid price formation system to ensure that wind power development projects can achieve a reasonable level of profitability, and that some companies will not be able to achieve clean energy performance, even for “stakingâ€. Price competition and inequitable competition. However, to truly streamline the on-grid tariff formation mechanism for wind power, it is also necessary for the grid companies to cooperate with and support related supporting policies. Reporter: Is there excess capacity in solar photovoltaic power generation? Ni Weidou: According to reports, in 2010, China's photovoltaic cell module production capacity is about 15 million kilowatts. More than 95% of China's PV products are used for export and are mainly sold to European and American markets. However, with many European countries significantly reducing subsidies in 2010 and abolishing tax incentives, the development of the European PV consumer market has been limited, and Chinese product exports have indeed been hit. However, there has been no large-scale growth in the consumer market of domestic photovoltaic power generation, mainly because of the high cost of subsidies. In fact, China currently receives 4 cents more per kWh of electricity from ordinary electricity prices to subsidize new energy sources. According to the total power generation of 4.14 trillion kWh in 2010, the funds used for new energy subsidies were 16.56 billion yuan. If the per-kilowatt subsidy for photovoltaic power generation is calculated at 1 yuan, it will only be able to subsidize 16.56 billion kWh of electricity, and there will be subsidies for other new energy generation, so it is not enough. If China's PV products have been exported to more than 90% of the country, it is indeed not worthwhile for China. The production of solar energy products requires a lot of energy, and it also produces environmental pollution, emits large amounts of carbon dioxide and other toxic pollutants, and the use process is indeed clean and pollution-free, which results in the "pollution for themselves, clean delivery. To others." We need to continue to develop the solar energy industry, strengthen the research on new photovoltaic technologies, step out of our own technological roads, significantly reduce costs, and at the same time we need to gradually support and nurture our solar energy consumer market. Prevent development Reporter: New energy vehicles are also included in the strategic emerging industries in the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€. Do you think that new energy vehicles can promote the leap-forward development of the Chinese auto industry? Ni Weidou: The leap-forward development of the automotive industry must be based on a solid foundation. After a long period of time, the automotive fuel will still be based on hydrocarbon fuels including gasoline, diesel, and other alcohol ether fuels. It will take time for electric vehicles to be as popular as conventional energy vehicles. Leapfrogging development is a systemic issue that cannot be solved overnight or in any one area. A few years ago, China had invested heavily in research and hoped to use hydrogen fuel cell power as a leap-forward development direction for automobiles. However, as we all know, its effect is not satisfactory. At present, the technical level of electric vehicles can only meet the requirements of small short-distance. The promotion of the development of new things must conform to the level of technological development. I think hybrid vehicles are more in line with the actual situation of China's automobile development. There are two kinds of hybrid vehicles. One is a thermal power source and an electric power device. The thermal power source is only responsible for charging the battery, and the electric power device drives the car. In this way, the power system can flexibly regulate and control the car according to the actual working conditions, while the thermal power engine will keep operating under the best conditions to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. For this kind of hybrid vehicle, there is great potential for the improvement of the efficiency of gasoline engines and diesel engines. Another kind of plug-in hybrid vehicle is driven by a battery device, but the battery life is limited. When the battery is exhausted, the conventional thermal power source continues to drive the car. This kind of car is also more practical at the moment. It is worth noting that the development of electric vehicles is not entirely to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. According to China's power structure, the overall reduction in the role of electric vehicles is about 20%, which is not very obvious, because China's electricity production is mainly from thermal power. The key to the development of electric vehicles is to reduce China's dependence on oil. China must vigorously develop oil substitute products such as natural gas and alcohol ether fuels. This industry must have great development. Reporter: What do you think is the most vigilant issue for China's new energy development during the 12th Five-Year Plan period? Ni Weidou: China's new energy industry, or the development of clean energy industry has a considerable scale, and the country's support is also very strong. In 2009, China surpassed the United States for the first time, becoming the largest country in the world in attracting investment and financing in the clean energy sector on a scale of US$34.6 billion. However, China's new energy industry still faces many bottlenecks. For example, many key equipment and technologies in the solar energy industry in China are imported from abroad. In particular, thin-film solar photovoltaic cells are actually at the low end of high-end industries. In a sense, Or OEM. The development of new energy industry is not profitable at the initial stage, so it needs strong support from the state, but the country’s money must be used properly, or it must be calculated as an economic account. In the case of unclear routes for the development of new technologies, it is not advisable to adopt a model that focuses on the development of the entire country. Instead, it should concentrate on supporting R&D, do a good job of pilot projects, and earnestly sum up experiences and lessons. It should not be blindly promoted. In addition, the government's decision-making system should also be scientific and transparent, and should not be shifted by the will of individual leaders. China should seize the opportunity of new energy development, earnestly improve the ability of independent innovation, avoid duplicating the low-end industries, and repeat the old path of low value-added foundry. Pulverizers are machines that pulverize large solid materials to the required size. Pulverizer Machine,Crushing Machine,Milling Machine,Grinding Mill, Grinding Machine JIANGYIN CITY XUAN TENG MACHINERY EQUIPMENT CO.,LTD , https://www.xuantengmachine.com
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"Twelfth Five-Year Plan" new energy development to avoid homes