ExxonMobil's latest "2040 Energy Outlook" believes that by 2040, due to the growth of population and the improvement of living standards in developing countries, energy demand will increase by 35%. By then, oil and natural gas will continue to meet the global demand. Part (60%) of energy demand. The developing countries such as Brazil, China, India, and Indonesia account for almost all of the increase in energy demand, while the energy consumption in the more developed regions such as Europe and Japan during this period will decline slightly. In terms of road transport fuels, gasoline consumption will remain stable by 2040, and diesel consumption will increase by 75% to meet the growing demand from trucks and other commercial transport vehicles, of which the largest commercial transportation demand will come from heavy vehicles. , such as trucks and buses. Demand for fuel from heavy-duty vehicles is expected to increase by 70%, accounting for approximately 60% of the total increase in diesel demand. The increase in global business activity has not only boosted the demand for diesel, but has also boosted the demand for biodiesel and jet fuel. The two main factors leading to the stagnation of gasoline demand are the increase in vehicle fuel efficiency and the increase in the number of hybrid vehicles. By 2040, hybrid vehicles will account for 35% of global light vehicles. The increase in fuel efficiency may partially offset the increase in energy demand in the commercial transportation sector. More efficient cars, aircraft, ships and trains, as well as improvements in logistics systems (such as joint transport), will help slow down the growth of transport energy demand in many countries. In the next 30 years, crude oil demand will increase by 25% and natural gas demand will increase by 65%. The Middle East, North America and Russia are expected to supply most of the oil and gas. Due to the increase in the production of natural gas condensate, oil sands and tight oil in North America, the production of liquid products in North America will increase by 40% over the next 30 years. With rising production and declining demand, by 2030 North America will shift from a large import of crude oil to a state of balanced import and export. In the Middle East, production of liquid products in the Middle East will increase by 35% due to the increase in the development of conventional oils in Iraq and the increase in natural gas condensate and tight oil production in the region. As Brazil continues to develop biofuels and deep-water oil resources and Venezuela continues to develop heavy oil resources, the production of liquid products in Latin America will nearly double. It is expected that natural gas will replace coal in the next five years and become the most used fuel for power generation. By 2040, the ratio of unconventional natural gas to total natural gas production will increase from the current 40% to 65%. The rapid development of shale gas in North America has brought down the price of natural gas, and the environmental advantages of natural gas as a clean energy source have been the main reason for natural gas to replace coal. In addition, safety issues related to the use of nuclear energy, the cost and stability of renewable energy sources, have also contributed to the predominance of natural gas in the use of clean energy. In the next 30 years, North America and Russia will be the main producing areas of natural gas, and European oil and gas production will continue to decline. Although energy consumption continues to grow, carbon emissions are expected to peak around 2030 as governments around the world continue to raise greenhouse gas emission standards. ExxonMobil Co., Ltd. has responded to the ever-increasing trend of global environmental regulations by increasing the cost of carbon emissions by US$60/tonne in future new construction projects. Emissions reduction policies will promote the growth of renewable energy, such as biofuels, wind energy and solar energy, and are expected to increase by 60% by 2040 and account for 4% of total energy demand. What is a crankshaft? Isuzu Truck Engine Crankshaft,Diesel Engine Crankshaft For Mitsubishi,Mitsubishi Diesel Engine Crankshaft,14B Crankshaft For Toyota Engine 1D auto parts , https://www.1dauto.com
The crankshaft is the most important part of an engine.
1. It takes the force from the connecting rod and converts it into torque through the crankshaft output and drives the other accessories on the engine to work.
The crankshaft is affected by centrifugal force of rotating mass, periodic gas inertia force and reciprocating inertia force, which makes the crankshaft bear the action of bending and torsional load.
2. Therefore, the crankshaft is required to have sufficient strength and stiffness, and the journal surface should be wear-resistant, uniform and balanced.
Several casting techniques are used in the crankshaft production process:
1.Smelting
Obtaining high temperature and low sulfur pure hot metal is the key to producing high quality ductile iron. Domestic production equipment is mainly based on cupola, and hot metal is not pre-desulfurization treatment; This is followed by less high purity pig iron and poor coke quality. Molten iron is melted in cupola, desulfurized outside the furnace, and then heated and adjusted in induction furnace.
2.moulding
The air impact molding process is obviously superior to the clay sand molding process, and can obtain high-precision crankshaft castings. The sand mold produced by this process has the characteristics of no rebound deformation, which is especially important for the multi-throw crankshaft.
3.Electroslag casting
Electroslag remelting technology is applied to the production of crankshaft, so that the performance of cast crankshaft may be comparable to that of forged crankshaft. And has the characteristics of fast development cycle, high metal utilization rate, simple equipment, superior product performance and so on.
ExxonMobil Announces "Energy Outlook 2040" Expected to Increase Demand by 35%